Biological Systems MCAT Practice Exam

Which organ is primarily responsible for detoxification and metabolic processing of nutrients?

1. Gallbladder

2. Pancreas

3. Liver

4. Stomach

The correct answer is: Liver

The liver plays a central role in the detoxification and metabolic processing of nutrients in the body. It is responsible for filtering toxins from the blood, breaking down harmful substances, and metabolizing drugs. The liver also processes nutrients absorbed from the digestive tract, converting carbohydrates into glucose for energy, storing fat, and synthesizing proteins necessary for blood clotting and other critical functions. In addition to its detoxification and metabolic processes, the liver also stores vitamins and minerals, producing bile to aid in digestion. Its ability to regenerate makes it unique when compared to other organs, allowing it to recover from injury or disease. In contrast, the gallbladder primarily stores bile, the pancreas produces digestive enzymes and hormones such as insulin, and the stomach is mainly involved in food digestion and acidic environment creation but does not play a significant role in detoxification or metabolism of nutrients. These distinct functions help clarify why the liver is singled out as the organ crucial for detoxification and metabolic processing.